Wpływ sił ortodontycznych na stan zębów leczonych endodontycznie

The views on the negative impact of orthodontic treatment on the condition of teeth after endodontic treatment have thus evolved significantly. Currently, the majority supports the view that canal treatment decreases the risk of root resorption (2, 7-9, 11, 12), and properly applied orthodontic forces have no negative impact on the tissues of teeth after endodontic treatment and the condition of their periodontium, provided the canal treatment followed the ESE standards (13). It was established that vital pulp plays an important role in the resorption and remodeling processes. In teeth deprived of pulp, lower activity of multinuclear odontoclasts responsible for the resorption process was observed (13).

Presently, the most frequently advocated hypothesis involves a multifactorial basis of changes in periapical treatment after orthodontic treatment and points out such individually variable etiological factors, not associated with using a‍ permanent appliance, as individual susceptibility of the organism, genetic predispositions (14, 15), various concomitant diseases like periodontitis, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, liver dysfunctions (16), root structure, and atypical shape of its apex (11, 12).

Meanwhile, another group of researchers seeks the causes of damage to periapical tissues in the technique of orthodontic treatment itself. Namely, according to some authors, the time factor is highly significant (12, 17). It turns out, however, that it is not the total time of treatment (the time the appliance is present in mouth) but the time and distance of active tooth movement (18, 19).

If the movement, even over a long path, is performed in stages, that is, appropriate intervals between follow-up appointments are observed and the forces are applied gradually and do not exceed...